![]() Thus characterization of the adsorbents for their functional groups and their nature using IR, XRD, and pHZpc has been discussed. It should be noted that the reported adsorption capacities of the adsorbents vary, depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, the concentration of solutes, and the ionic strength and pH of the medium. The authors review and evaluate literature dedicated to the preparation of adsorbents such as activated carbon and clays and their modifications/activation by recycling different types of waste materials and also to their application in organic pollutant containing aqueous-phase treatments. ![]() These natural materials and nonconventional materials in many instances are relatively cheap, abundant in supply, or thrown away as waste and have significant potential for modification that ultimately leads to enhancement of their adsorption capabilities. In particular, considerable work has been carried out on the use of natural materials, nonconventional adsorbents, and their modifications. Amongst all the treatments proposed, adsorption is one of the more popular methods for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. A number of industries currently produce varying organic pollutant-laden waste streams, which is a serious environmental prblem owing to their potential human toxicity.
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